郭沫若的先秦美学史研究成就

郭沫若的先秦关学史研究,卓越地将审美形式和审美意识及其美学史结论融汇在一起,有着浓厚的经验理性色彩。他以青铜器皿上的器型、铭文和纹饰为切入点,从业经抽象的线条、图案和组配的结构形式,发掘其审美意味,彰显蓬勃旺盛的生命生机和历史性的深重涵值,并首次原创性地运用青铜器花纹来解读和确定关学史的时代内涵和特征。郭沫若以时代精神和时代审美理想为核心,在社会、历史、文化的宏深语境中考察关学现象的变化,反转过来,美学现象则成为社会、历史、文化的表征,呈现双向互涵相协之关系。郭沫若同时兼具了青铜时代的社会史和美学史的开山祖身份和地位,他对先秦关学史精神、特征作了系统、深入的论说。郭沫若坚守实践美学观,从社会文化实践层面上加以解读、阐释和动态说明,他所进行的是社会学、文化学的美学史研究,所形成的论述话语和逻辑结构,至今仍是治先秦美学史学者的范例。他采用文化人类学、考古学、器皿学、文字学等原理,独得先例地创造了“标准器论”和“波动论”,这在中国青铜时代的历史研究,进而在先秦美学史的研究方面是世纪性的创获。他谛听远古美学史的“心音”,从文物和文献出发复原和复现美学史的现场。郭沫若先秦关学史研究之所以取得巨大成功,缘自科学的实证精神、先进的方法论、优越的学术生态环境合力作用的结果。

GUO Mo-ruo and the Historical Study on Aesthetics before the Qin dynasty

GUO Mo-ruo integrated the aesthetic form, aesthetic consciousness and the conclusion of the historical study of aesthetics together in his historical study on aesthetics, which reveals the signs of experience and sense. His study began with the shape, inscription and decoration of the Bronze vessels, through abstract lines, patterns and combined structures to dig the aesthetic significance, and he creatively defined the temporal connotations and features by depicting the curves of the bronze vessels. GUO Mo-rno, concentrated on the temporal spirits and aesthetic ideal, explored the variation of aesthetic phenomena in the magnificent context of the society, history and culture, whieh, in return, have become the representations of the society, history and culture. As the founder of both the social and aesthetic history of the Bronze time, GUO Mo-ruo conducted systemic and profound study on the spirits and features of the aesthetic history of the Pre-Qin dynasty. Insisting on practical aesthetic perspective, he expressed, explained and illustrated at the levels of social and cultural practice. His study was the one focusing on the aesthetic history of both the sociology and culturology, and his remarks and logic structure are considered as excellent examples by today＇s scholars. Based on cultural anthropology, archeology, vessel study and philology, he created the unprecedented ＂Theory of Standard Devices＂ and ＂Theory of Fluctuation＂, which has been an epochal invention in the field of study on the aesthetic history of the pre-Qin Dynasty. He conducted delicate and deliberate studies on the pre-history aesthetics, and reconstructed the history of aesthetics through relics and documents. GUO＇s great achievements can be ascribed to his pursuit of scientific evidences, advanced methodology and desirable conditions for academics.