日本科学技术政策的特征

本文通过比较日本与美国的科学技术政策 ,试图阐明日本科学技术政策的特征 ,并进一步探讨了其中的问题及最近的动向。

The character of the science and technology policy in Japan

The R & D expenditure becomes almost 3% of the GNP in advanced countries recently. That of Japan has been highest among them since late 1980's. In the US, the most active R & D country in 1960's, the R & D expenditure has been dominated by the federal-military sector, but in Japan civilian sectors such as hi-tech industries played a major role especially in 1980's. The typical Japanese industrial strategy at the time was based upon the importation of basic technologies, patents, and know-hows from the Western countries to produce hi-tech products that were in return exported abroad. This strategy caused conflicts with the West, especially with the US. Facing strong criticisms from those countries Japan established a Fundamental Act for Science and Technology in 1995 to promote domestic basic research. Then a new science and technology policy appears in Japan, but still remaining problems to be solved.