课堂提问框架在自然博物馆讲解中的运用

博物馆讲解中的提问互动,在吸引观众注意力、激发观众兴趣、引起观众思考、加深观众对展览理解方面发挥着重要的作用。本文利用课堂教学研究常用的提问框架分析了两位自然博物馆教育人员讲解过程中的提问类型、观众回答情况和教育人员的反馈方式。发现教育人员有比较强烈的提问互动意识,能够围绕展品和讲解主题提问,但还存在问题层次性不明显、对观众认知水平分析不够、各类问题比例不均衡、候答时间过短、提问反馈中有效追问和鼓励不足等问题。可以通过设置核心问题、基于观众认知水平控制问题难度、增加问题多样性、适时调控候答时间、在提问反馈中追问并增加评价性语言等方法提升提问的有效性。

Using Classroom-questioning Framework to Analyze the Interpretation in Natural History Museums

Questioning in museum interpretation plays an important role in attracting visitors'' attention, arousing their interests and deepening their understanding to exhibitions. This paper uses framework of classroom-questioning to analyze the way two educators questioned,answers visitors gave and the two educators'' feedback in natural history museum''s interpretation. The result shows educators was willing to communicate with visitors, the content of those questions was close related to exhibits and the main topic of activities. There were also some problems in their interactions, for example, the questions'' level was not obvious, the deficiency in visitors'' cognitive level analyze, the unbalanced question types, the waiting time was too short to answer the question, the insufficient feedback and encourage. The solutions are as follows, introducing essential questions, controlling the difficulty level of questions based on visitors'' cognitive level, balancing different questions types, adjusting waiting time, asking one more time to evoke visitors'' thinking, and evaluating their answers in feedback courses.