Measuring transactional distance in web-based learning environments: an initial instrument development |
| |
| Authors: | Xiaoxia Huang Aruna Chandra Concetta DePaolo Jennifer Cribbs Lakisha Simmons |
| |
| Institution: | 1. School of Teacher Education, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USAxiaoxia.huang@wku.edu;3. Scott College of Business, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA;4. School of Teacher Education, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA;5. College of Business Administration, Belmont University, Nashville, TN, USA |
| |
| Abstract: | This study was an initial attempt to operationalise Moore’s transactional distance theory by developing and validating an instrument measuring the related constructs: dialogue, structure, learner autonomy and transactional distance. Data were collected from 227 online students and analysed through an exploratory factor analysis. Results suggest that the instrument, in general, shows promise as a valid and reliable measure of the constructs related to transactional distance theory. Potential refinement of the instrument and future research directions are included at the end of the article. |
| |
| Keywords: | transactional distance dialogue structure learner autonomy web-based learning environment instrument development |
|
|
