农村社会保障的现状、问题与对策

随着农村联产承包责任制的实行,人民公社时期的那种全方位、低水平的社会保障迅速瓦解。虽然20世纪80年代中期以来,国家在部分地区进行了建立农村社会保障的试点和探索,但是其推广买施的情况并不理想。主要存在着农保资金筹集难、农民自我保障意识差、国家财政扶持力度小、缺乏艮好的运行机制和必要的法律保障等问题。为了解决这些问题,应该建立政府、村集体和农户三方合理的筹资机制;借鉴江阴模式,采取“征管分离、行政监督”的运行机制;加强宣传,提高农民的参保意识：加大国家财政对农保建设的扶持力度;加强法制建设,确保农村社会保障制度有法可依。只有这样,才能加速农保建设的步伐。

Current Situation, Problems, and Countermeasures of Rural Social Security

With the implementation of the rural output_based contract responsibility system, the omnidirectional and low level social security of the "people's commune" period is disintegrated rapidly. Though the country set up the pilot project and exploration of the rural social security in some areas since mid_1980s, the implementation and popularization is not satisfactory, mainly due to the difficulty in raising the needed fund, the poor sense of self protection of the farmers, the inadequate finance support from the state, and the lack of operation system and legal assurance. To deal with such problems, this paper proposes to set up a fund_raising mechanism based on the three parties of the state, the village, and the individual farmer, learn from the practice of Jiangyin and adopt "levy and manage it separately with the administrative supervision", strengthen the publicity and uplifting farmers' sense of joining the insurance, increase the state fiscal support, and reinforce the legal construction to provide legal guidance for the rural social security. Only by such efforts, will the advance of rural social security be speeded up.