世界优秀女子铁饼运动员竞技特征研究

以奥运会、世界锦标赛女子铁饼前8名运动员为研究对象。运用文献资料法、统计法归纳法和个案研究,对决赛过程中成功率、各轮次最优成绩的频数、有效成绩的稳定性(变异系数)等反映铁饼竞技表现的参数进行分析。主要结论:世界优秀女子铁饼运动员平均发挥率为98.05%,超水平发挥率为18.75%;2004～2011年间的奥运会、田径锦标赛中,女子铁饼夺冠成绩在65.50±1m左右波动,前8名的平均成绩在63.8±1.5m左右波动;决赛从第1轮到第6轮,成功率总体趋势是逐渐降低,后3轮成功率明显低于前3轮;在6轮次创造最优成绩的频数无显著性差异(P=0.535>0.05);女子铁饼项目总体稳定性不高,有效成绩平均变异系数为2.30%,不同的参赛环境对运动员虽有一定的影响,但运动员的主观发挥对稳定性的影响是主要的;李艳凤正处于最佳竞技年龄阶段,2011年夺冠是强大实力和稳定技术表现的结果,但伦敦要再创造辉煌,必须在现有实力的基础上,必须进一步提高临场发挥率,狠抓前3轮的高水平发挥。

Research on the Competitive Characteristics of World ERe Female Discus Athletes

The research objects were the top 8 female discus athletes of the Olympic Games and world championships.Using the method of literature,statistics and induction,the author analyzed on the final success rate,the stability(coefficient of variation) of frequency of optimal performance in each round.The results show that : the world elite female discus throwers’ average play rate is 98.05%,the exceed level rate is 18.75%;in 2004-2011,women’s discus score fluctuated in the champion score(65.50±1) of meters,the top 8 scores(63.8 ±1.5)of meters;for excellent discus athletes from the first to the sixth round,the success rate of the overall trend is gradually reduced,the success rate of the first 3 round is relatively higher than the second 3 round;in 6 rounds female discus athletes’ the optimal result of frequency is at significance level(P=0.535>0.05);the female discus’ stability is not high,the average coefficient of variation is 2.30%,different environment to the athletes has certain influence,but the stability of the subjective effect is the main influence;Yan-Feng Li is in the best competitive age,the 2011 championship is the results of powerful strength and stable technical performance,but to create brilliant in London,we must further enhance the play rate to have strong competence.