组织生态视角下制造企业服务化影响因素分析

一般认为,通过服务化构建产品差异是企业未来发展的方向。但现有的文献较少考虑到服务化战略开展的环境匹配问题。本研究尝试从组织生态角度分析各种环境因素对中国企业服务化战略的影响。本文的研究增进了研究者对于中国服务化战略推进的认知,为决策层制定推进我国制造业向服务化方向发展的相关政策提供了建议。

An analysis of the factors affecting the servitization of manufacturing enterprises from the perspective of organizational ecology

In order to avoid the low cost and ineffective competition in recent years caused by product homogenization, just like the enterprises in industrial countries, it has become the mainstream for Chinese manufacturing enterprises to increase supporting service elements in the process of product supply so as to enhance product value. This phenomenon is called “servitization”, and scholars have done a lot of researches on it in recent years. Most researchers in this field choose to put themselves at the level of enterprises to think about problems and emphasize the importance of management and strategic decisions. But it is worth noting that there are marked differences between enterprises in the choice of path in the value-chain. Some enterprises choose the strategy to form a group, and the effect which the dynamic group brings to the individual enterprise cannot be ignored, and it involves the organization ecology mentioned in the group concept. Specifically, groups are organizations that perform similar activities and use resources in similar ways in their operations. Therefore, those enterprises in the same group rely on the environment to the same extent and compete for similar resources or similar customers, thus influencing the way of activities and structure of these organizations. Competitors within the same industry value-chain attempted servitization, while other companies often try to imitate and "follow", and this kind of phenomenon is vividly explained to be "following suit", that is influenced by fashion or new into the enterprise information flow, rather than directly based on the basic principles of evaluation and choice. In reality, the enterprises in our country in the business "cluster" blindly expand new projects, and it is a phenomenon of common occurrence. Therefore, the research should focus on the question of service-oriented organizational groups rather than analyzing individual enterprises in isolation. In this paper, the service manufacturing enterprises in different manufacturing sectors in China are taken as an organizational group. This paper attempts to analyze the factors that determine the strategic process of manufacturing industry's involvement and withdrawal from "servitization" by using the theory of organizational ecology, and analyzes the influence of relevant factors on the decision-making process of manufacturing enterprises' entry and withdrawal from "servitization" by analyzing the role of these factors in the process of manufacturing enterprises' servitization in China. This article select listed equipment manufacturing enterprises in China as the research sample, and the equipment manufacturing industry means the national economy departments to carry on the simple production and the floorboard of the expanded reproduction to provide all kinds of manufacturing equipment, and it is the core part of the machinery industry, bear the sectors of the national economy to provide machine tools. It has to fulfill the important task of driving the development of relative industries, and it is not only the heart of the industry and the lifeline of national economy, but also an important foundation to support the national comprehensive national strength. The research on the servitization in this field is of great significance to improvement of China's industrial strength. The significance of this paper lies in that it has important practical significance and practical guidance to study the influencing factors ofservitization of manufacturing enterprises from the perspective of organizational ecology, and to reveal the laws of industrial upgrading and enterprise growth of China's manufacturing industry. This study strengthens the cognition of the laws of the path and mode of servitization of manufacturing enterprises, and finds out reasonable positioning of enterprises for the manufacturing managers in the process of servitization strategy. It also provides theoretical basis for policy makers to formulate policies to promote the industrial transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry and improve the competitiveness of the international market. From the perspective of organizational ecology, this paper observed and analyzed the servitization of real industry from the perspective of enterprise group, and tried to apply various measurement methods to analyze the impact of various factors on enterprises' involvement in the servitization group, so as to obtain more detailed conclusions. This is an innovation in both technology and perspective. The estimation results of this study basically prove the five groups of hypotheses listed in this paper. The probability and degree of enterprises' involvement inservitization and the population density show a "U"-shaped characteristic distribution, first decreasing and then increasing. Service companies owned by the human resources of science and technology and its involvement in the probability and degree of positive correlation, and pure from external service enterprise reduces the likelihood of service enterprises in market competition, and the improvement of the market mechanism is conducive to more enterprises into the group of service, but the development of science and technology will drive more weaker enterprises out of servitization. Based on the research conclusion, this paper finds that although it is widely recognized in the industry thatservitization will become one of the future development trends of manufacturing enterprises, the groups involved in servitization are not as natural and smooth for enterprises as expected. Considering carefully the influence of various factors for enterprise business transformation strategy, competition from peers and service enterprises will make enterprises face more severe challenges, and through the business model of copy and imitation, a large number of imported technology talented persons and persons in job training, will improve enterprise knowledge reserves, and encourage activities of service to be better integrated into the enterprise of science and technology innovation. Practice their own internal work in order to cope with dual challenge from groups inside and outside is the top priority of the enterprise, to realize the change of business model from manufacturing to service oriented manufacturing, integrated high value-added industrial links embedded products in the value chain through the service level of ascension to improve its ability to innovate, to enhance enterprise's innovation ability. The government's industrial policy should focus on maintaining a benign market environment, encouraging technological innovation and institutional innovation, improving the market structure, deliberately spilling knowledge in the process of scientific and technological development, providing more policy support to small and medium-sized enterprises, and maintaining a moderately healthy market competition. The research in this paper has enhanced researchers' understanding of the promotion of China's servitization strategy and provided Suggestions for decision-making to formulate relevant policies to promote the development of China's manufacturing industry towards servitization.