中国技术开发类公共科研机构的建立、转制意义及模式

产业共性技术兼具竞争性和公益性的特征，政府如何推动此类技术的发展，一直是公共科技治理中一个颇具争议的命题。在这方面，中国在70年左右的科技创新实践中，通过技术开发类公共科研机构建立、发展、改革（转制）等过程，依托财政、税收、国有资本管理、保险、非营利机构、成果转化等方面的政策组合，探索形成了将技术要素建制化地扩散到工业化进程中的、具有鲜明中国特色的“投放”模式。

Establishment,institution transformation and significance of public scientific research institutions for technological development in China

Industrial generic technology has the characteristics of both competitiveness and public welfare. The role of government in promoting such technology has always been a controversial topic in public science and technology governance. In the past 70 years, through the process of establishing, developing and reforming public scientific research institutions, relying on the policy combination of finance, taxation, management of state-owned capital, insurance, non-profit organizations and S&T achievements transformation, China has explored and formed a “putting in” mode that improve the diffusion of technological elements into the process of industrialization systematically.