反焚运动中的常民专家及其专业性——一个关于技术争议的人类学研究

G市垃圾焚烧发电项目引发了当地居民和环保人士的抗议行动。在反焚运动中,技术专家与反对者围绕垃圾焚烧技术进行了持续的论辩。争议主要集中在三个方面：焚烧厂周边居民的公共健康、排放物的毒性与控制,以及技术运行的环境以及管理。双方针对垃圾焚烧技术风险生产了不同的叙事与知识。在反焚行动当中,常民并不是非理性地反对焚烧技术的应用。他们整合科学话语与地方性知识、结合当地经验和调查资料,发展自己的专业性,成为“常民专家”。常民专家的角色挑战了以往科学研究当中对于“专家－常民”的二元划分,其专业性给环境决策提供了必要的地方性视角。

Lay experts and their expertise in the anti-incineration movement: An anthropological study on technological controversies

The waste incineration program were protested against by local people and environmental protection activists in G city. Disputes over waste incineration technology continuously remains among experts and lay people in the anti-incineration campaign. The main technological controversies focus on its public health risks, noxious emissions and the operating environment. Different narratives and knowledge were produced in the debate by both sides. In their anti-incineration activism, the local activists are not protesting against the incineration irrationally. Rather, they integrated scientific discourses, data collected, local knowledge and experiences, developed their own expertise and became "lay experts". The role of “lay experts” challenges the dichotomy of “expert” and “lay” in STS studies. Their expertise provides an essential local perspective to environmental decision-making.