以二氧化碳规模化利用技术为核心的碳减排方案

碳资源是人类社会发展进入工业时代的基石。人类大量使用含碳资源产生的二氧化碳(CO_2)不应给人类社会带来威胁,更不应是碳资源利用的终结者,而是人类实现可持续发展必须善加利用的资源。文章在国内CO_2利用技术研发取得了可喜进展的基础上,提出了几种未来可能适合于中国的以CO_2规模化利用技术为核心的碳减排方案,包括化石能源耦合CO_2的转化利用技术、零碳能源耦合CO_2的转化利用技术以及温和条件下CO_2直接转化利用技术等。基于我国能源消费结构、短中期化石能源的主导地位以及可再生能源日新月异的发展,化石能源的易获取性和低成本使得其耦合CO_2的转化利用技术方案近年来飞速发展,并可能将在近期带来巨大碳减排潜力和经济效益;零碳能源发电技术的突飞猛进有利于核能/可再生能源发电耦合CO_2生产燃料化学品技术的发展,成为中期最具竞争力的CO_2大规模利用技术;远期来说太阳能驱动的CO_2温和转化可以实现真正意义上的生态碳循环,是远期最有前景的CO_2还原技术。

Carbon Dioxide Sizable Utilization Technology Based Carbon Reduction Solutions

Carbon is the cornerstone of the industrial era of human society. The carbon dioxide (CO₂) produced by human beings using carbon-containing resources should not be a threat to human society or the terminator of carbon resource utilization, but a resource that could be made full use of to achieve sustainable development. Based on the rapid development of CO₂ utilization technology in China, this study proposes several CO₂ reduction schemes that may be suitable for China in the future, with large-scale CO₂ utilization as the core, including the CO₂ conversion and utilization technology coupled with fossil energy or zero-carbon energy, and the direct conversion and utilization technology of CO₂ under mild conditions. Fossil energy coupled with CO₂ conversion and utilization technology, which has experienced rapid growth in recent years due to the easy access and low cost of fossil energy, will bring huge carbon emission reduction potential and economic benefits in the near future. Meanwhile, nuclear/renewable energy assisted CO₂ to fuel and chemicals technology, boosted by the advancement of zero-carbon power generation technologies, promises to be one of the most competitive controllable CO₂ reduction technologies in the medium term. Solar-driven CO₂ conversion technology, which can realize the ecological carbon cycle, is expected to be the most promising CO₂ reduction technology in the long run.