贫困山区生态渔业扶贫模式的实践与思考——从湖北恩施到贵州六盘水

科学技术的发展和应用始终以国家需要和人民诉求为导向,科技扶贫是脱贫攻坚工作的重要方式之一。根据部分贫困地区人均可用耕地少、水域面积广的地理资源特点,中国科学院水生生物研究所在湖北省恩施市龙凤镇和贵州省六盘水市水城县的扶贫实践中总结出一套"中科院技术+当地政府+当地龙头企业+贫困户/贫困集体"的生态渔业扶贫模式。即联合当地政府和龙头企业,在合理构建鱼类群落结构的基础上,科学利用山区水资源,可在保障水质的同时给周边渔农民带来经济收入。生态渔业扶贫模式的示范与推广不仅保护了生态环境,还有效促进了贫困山区水产养殖业的科学发展,使得当地群众增强了生态文明意识,掌握了一定的科学养殖技术,加速了贫困户增收脱贫,体现了扶贫模式的"造血"功能,保障了贫困户脱贫不返贫。

Practice and Thinking of Poverty Alleviation Mode of Ecological Fishery -Poverty Reduction Work in Enshi City, Hubei Province and Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province, China

The development and application of science and technology have always been guided by the needs of the country and the demands of the people. Science and technology poverty alleviation is a key part of poverty alleviation. According to the characteristics of poor mountainous areas in China, the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences has summed up the "poverty alleviation mode of ecological fishery" in poverty alleviation practice, which scientifically use water resources for ecological fish breeding. Reasonable construction of ecological fish communities can ensure water quality and generate income by aquaculture. It will promote the development of aquaculture industry in poor areas and help to complete the task of poverty eradication. This paper summarizes and reflects on the practice of poverty alleviation in the city Enshi of Hubei Province and Liupanshui of Guizhou Province.