普通话态度语音的感知实验研究

在言语交际中,说话人的情绪(emotions)属于不自主控制的潜在的心理状态,而说话人表达的态度(attitudes)或者称社会情感(social affects)则是说话人自主控制的。本文通过听辨实验,研究了中国人对普通话19类态度语音的感知特性。实验采用条件受控的语音语料,考察了态度类别、话语长度、听辨人性别这三个因素对态度辨识率的影响,以及不同态度类别在听感上的混淆模式与聚类关系。实验结果表明,普通话态度语音的辨识率总体上高于机遇水平,其中"陈述"和"失望"的辨识率最高,"自信"的辨识率最低。态度类别的主效应、态度类别与话语长度的交互效应,是影响态度辨识率的主要因素。基于听辨混淆模式进一步做层次聚类分析后发现,19种态度从语音感知上可大体聚类为7组,同组内的态度在认知上表现出一定的关联性。

Perceptual Study for Mandarin Attitudinal Speech

In contrast to emotions whicia are involuntarily controlled by the speaker, attitudes （i. e. , social affects） are voluntarily controlled and their expressions are usually dependent on language and culture. By conduc- ting a perceptual experiment with Chinese native subjects, the present study examined the perceptual characteristics for Mandarin speech conveying 19 types of attitudes. With a controlled speech corpus, the effects of three factors, i. e. , the type of attitude, the length of utterance, and the gender of subject, were investigated. The experiment showed that the 19 attitudes were basically well identified; among them, ＇Declaration＇ and ＇Disappointment＇ showed the highest rate of identification, while ＇ Confidence＇ showed the lowest rate of identification. The main effect of the type of attitude, together with the interactive effect between the type of attitude and the length of utter- ance, plays a major role in the variation of the rate of attitude identification. Based on the patterns of perceptual confusion among attitudes, a hierarchical clustering suggested that all 19 types of attitudes could be clustered ap- proximately into seven groups, in each of which the attitudes showed correlated cognitive functions.