晚清候补冗官研究

清代的候补官员是指有官职而无实缺,以署缺和差委的形式,在中央、地方从事各项临时和差遣性事务,但多数时间赋闲的在册官员。这是中国其他朝代所没有的现象。晚清候补官员数量庞大,素质低劣,而且候补冗官现象持续时间长,由此带来诸多的问题。晚清朝延为应对这一问题作了某些有限尝试,但收效甚微,甚至成为推动清朝自我瓦解的不自觉工具。

A Study of Overstaffed Reserved-officials in the Late Qing Dynasty

The reserved-officials were assigned by Li Department and continued to work in the local authorities participate in many affairs of central and local government more or less while waiting for real official position in Qing Dynasty. Their amount was great, meanwhile their quality was bad, The phenomenon that existed for a long time brought about some political and social problems. The paper describes in detail the jammed state of reserved-official and change of quantity in the angle of time and space, and discusses emphatically negative influences on the admin- istration of officials which the problem of overstaffed reserved-officials brings about, also analyzes four main causes which result in the phenomenon of overstaffed reserved-officials. At last, the paper briefly summaries some reforms of Qing government to solve the problem of overstaffed reserved-officials and the its result.