论高等教育中的经济主义倾向

在过去几十年里,世界高等教育发展呈现出趋同趋势。多样化办学模式的出现和市场力量的介入是其显著特征。在市场力量发挥积极作用的同时,高等教育发展过程中也出现了"经济主义"倾向。经济主义的主要表现是:其一,在知识经济或所谓新经济条件下,高等教育的经济功能被强化,由经济价值界定高等教育的目标。其二,由经济关系界定高等教育机构的外部关系。其三,由经济投入界定高等教育的内部质量。其四,由经济利益诉求界定学术人员的行为驱动力。经济主义对高等教育的性质和大学的身份具有深远影响。潜在的结果是,由于夸大高等教育的经济价值使大学的功能窄化;由于服从于外部的现实利益而使大学的独立性受损;由于大学组织与经济组织的边界模糊化而改变大学成员的行为,进而改变着大学的身份。

Economicism Preference in Higher Education

The development of the world higher education has in the past decades witnessed a course of commonality tendency,which is typified in its diversifying models in management and engagement of market force.Under that back- ground,higher education development is now experiencing a preference of"economicism"along with the positive effect of the market power.The main shapes it takes are as follows.First,under the condition of knowledge economy and the so-called new economy,higher education has been reinforced in its economic function,and higher education goals are decided by eco- nomic values.Secondly,economic relations determine the external relations of higher education institutes.Thirdly,econom- ic investment defines the inner quality of higher education.Fourthly,the appeal to economic benefit orients the motivations of the academic researchers.Therefore,econimicism has had a profound impact upon the nature of higher education and uni- versities,the severe outcome of which is(i) narrowing down the functions of universities by exaggerating their economic val- ues,[ii} impairing their independent role by subduing to external benefit;and (iii) transforming the behaviors of university members because of the vague boundary between university organizations and economic organizations,and hence changing the status of universities.