神经生长因子对眼科疾病治疗展望

神经生长因子（nerve growth factor，NGF）是神经营养因子的一种，广泛存在于神经组织和周围靶组织。在中枢神经系统，NGF兼有神经营养和促进神经突起生长的效应，从而参与神经细胞的分化、发育和损伤修复过程。近些年的研究表明，视网膜神经节细胞（retinal ganglion cells，RGC）表达包括NGF在内的多种神经营养因子，表达的NGF通过结合于其受体发挥作用，其高亲和力受体（酪氨酸蛋白激酶A受体）存在于视神经节细胞上，而其低亲和力受体（p75NTR）则在胶质细胞中广泛表达，这些研究提示NGF可能在眼科疾病的治疗中发挥作用，该文就神经生长因子及其受体在眼组织中的表达、对视神经和视网膜损伤的保护、角膜损伤修复以及对青光眼、干眼病的治疗进行了综述。

Prospective Overview of Nerve Growth Factor on the Pharmacotherapy of Ophthalmic Diseases

Nerve growth factor（NGF）is a neurotrophic factor,which is widely distributed in nervous tissue and peripheral target tissues. In the central nervous system,NGF shows neurotrophic and neurite promoting effects on the neurons,and thereby participates in the process of neuronal differentiation,development and repair. Recent findings demonstrate that retinal ganglion cells（RGC）express various neurotrophins,including NGF,and NGF plays its role through binding to the high affinity NGF tyrosine kinase receptor TrkA or low affinity receptor p75NTR. TrkA exists in retina like RGC,while p75NTR exists in glia cells. This review discussed the expression of NGF and its receptors in ocular tissues,the protective effect of NGF against optic nerve,retinal and corneal damages,and the treatment of NGF in the glaucoma and dry eye syndrome will be discussed as well.