试论汉化佛教对新罗乡歌产生的影响

新罗乡歌是学界公认的韩国最早的国语文学体裁。收录在《三国遗事》中的十四首是保留较为完整的。三国时期是朝鲜民族文化从原始的神文过渡到人文的文化转型时期。一种文学体裁的萌芽,首先就要有孕育她的土壤,而在孕育乡歌的这片土壤中不得不提到的元素就是佛教。佛教起源于印度,最早在中国汉明帝永平11年(公元68年)传入中国。由于地缘因素以及当时中国文化的扩散,高句丽、百济、新罗三国无论从社会、政治、经济方面还是文化教育、文学创作等诸多领域都深受中国的影响。4世纪佛教经中国传入朝鲜半岛,新罗统治阶层把佛教定为国教,佛教的影响力由此可见一斑。基于此史实可以推定,当时传入朝鲜的佛教是经过汉化了的中国佛教。在此大的思想背景下,本文从原始佛教汉化的过程出发试论当时对乡歌产生的影响。首先分析新罗的社会背景,由此阐述乡歌出现的必然性,进而从乡歌的创作阶层与社会功能上管窥当时汉化佛教对其产生的影响。

Analysis of Impact of Sinicization of Buddhism on the Shilla Ballad

Ballad is a universally acknowledged type of literary genre by the field of education in the South Korea. The fourteen pieces of Ballad preserved in the book Sanguo Yishi are regarded as a complete one. It is during the period of Three Kingdoms that Korea national culture changed from primitive＇s divinity culture to a human one. Buddhism descends from India,which is introduced into China in the year of Yongping 11 th of the Han Dynasty in China（ 68 A. D）. Kokuli,Paekche and Shilla are all influenced by Chinese culture both in the political,economic education and the literature creation. In the 4th-century,Buddhism was introduced into the Korean peninsula. The ruling classes of Shilla appointed the Buddhism as the national religion. Based on the historical facts,it is concluded that the Buddhism which was introduced into Korea is Sinicization of Buddhism. The paper discussed the influence of Sinicization of Buddhism on the writing of Ballad from the perspective of the writing groups of Ballad and Shilla＇s social background and the inevitability of the Ballad.