浅析西方国家福利经济制度的改革

20世纪80年代以来,由于政治、经济、社会等多方面的原因,西方各“福利国家”对福利经济制度进行了大幅度的改革。各国的改革大都比较注意根据经济形势的变化而对福利经济制度进行调整,已取得了一定的成绩,但也付出了经济增长率下降、失业率大幅度上升、贫富差距扩大、罢工增加等代价。而且,各国的福利经济制度改革出现了诸如公平与效率、福利经济制度的建立是根据“供给”还是“需求推动”、如何改进公共行政部门的低效率等问题。发达国家福利经济制度的改革对于我国福利经济制度的改革和完善、社会保障制度的改革具有重要的借鉴作用和参考价值。

On the Reform of Welfare Economic System in the Developed Countries

The western "Welfare States" have reformed substantially the welfare economic system because of political, economic and social factors since 1980's. Most of their reforms pay more attentions to adjusting the welfare economic system in accordance with the changes of economic situations. Though these countries have achieved considerable headway, their reforms have paid some prices such as the economy growth rate falling, the unemployment rate rising, the difference between the rich and the poor enlarging, strikes increasing. Furthermore, the reforms of the welfare economic system in the "Welfare Sates" have brought some problems how to deal with the relationship between equality and efficiency, whether the welfare economic system forms according to pulling of "supply" or "demand", how to improve the efficiency in the public administration sector, etc. The reforms of the welfare economic system in the developed countries have an important signification not only in perfecting the welfare economic system, but also in reforming the social security system in China.