中世纪后期西欧修道院衰落的经济原因初探

中世纪西欧的修道院在经济上是一个独立的有机体，后期逐渐走向衰落。原因在于它以封建庄园制为基础，随着自然经济的瓦解而解体；它的封建化、世俗化倾向侵蚀了其神圣的职能；与罗马教廷之间的依附关系，使其发展为民族国家的异己力量，其巨额财富成为世俗权力集团凯觎的对象，是民族国家剥夺打击的目标。

Study of Economical Reasons for the Decline of West European Monastery in the Late Period of the Middle Ages

West European monastery's economy in the Middle Ages is an independent organ, which declined in the late period of the Middle Ages. The reason for the decline is that it is based on the plantation system and dissolves with the disappearance of natural economy. Then feudalization and secularization erode its holy function, and its relationship with Roman Catholic Church makes it an enemy of nations. At last, its large sum of wealth became the target which secular powers want to occupy and which nations want to strike.