论汉语称谓的两大原则

等差原则是汉语称谓的一条重要原则。它讲究尊卑贵贱、长幼差序，带着明显的等级差别和身份的规定性。情感原则是人与人相互称呼时，讲究亲疏远近、注重关系的融洽和情感的交流，从“情感”、“关系”的角度选择称渭词来称呼对方，它反映出中国传统社会重视人伦、重视人际关系和谐的化心理。汉语社交称谓有一种难解的困惑：称人时不知是该以等差原则相称还是以情感原则相称。以等差原则相称在一定意义上就忽略、淡化了情感，以情感原则相称。在一定意义上就忽略、淡化了等差，二构成了一个称谓的悖论。

On Two Major Principles of Address Terms

The principle of grade, a very important one in Chinese appellation, emphasizes the difference between the honorable and the humble, the order of junior and senior. There are distinct characteristics of grade difference and identification stipulation in appellation according to the principle of grade. While emotional principle pays much attention to the close or the distant, the harmonious relations and emotional communication, so people select appellation from the angle of relations and emotions. It reflects the cultural psychology that Chinese traditional society attaches importance to the ethical relations and harmonious human relations. Therefore, there is a dilemma in Chinese social appellation: how to call people and which principle should people adopt? When people select one principle they will ignore or weaken the other one in a sense, which will be a paradox.