从比较逻辑学观点论名家

司马谈所称名家，先秦称辩者。名家是诸子百家中的重要一家。名家学说的性质和历史作用，酷似古希腊的智者。从学说的性质说，名家和古希腊智者都有三个共同点，即奇辞怪说的表达方式，双重论证的思维模式和归谬反驳的论证方式。从学说的历史作用说，名家和古希腊智者都有一个共同点，即早期的名家学说，是墨家辩学、荀子名学的前导和刺激；智者学说，是亚里士多德逻辑学的前导和刺激。反过来说，墨家辩学、荀子名学，是名家学说的清理与升华；亚氏逻辑学，是智者学说的清理与升华。名家学说和墨家辩学、荀子名学，智者学说和亚氏逻辑学，分别是中西文化中两个对立统一的矛盾侧面。这种矛盾的对立统一，是推动中西逻辑发展的动力。分析名家、智者学说和墨家辩学、荀子名学、亚氏逻辑的对立统一，矛盾渗透关系，揭示中西逻辑发展的机制和规律，是比较逻辑学的典型个案研究，有重要的哲学与文化意义。

Comparative Research between the Chinese Dialecticians and the Western Sophists

Both Chinese dialecticians and Western sophists are wonderful work in the history of logic in the world. They are same in paradox expression of speech, double arguments in thinking way, and reduction of an absurdum argument. The doctrine of the dialecticians and the sophists is a precursor and stimulation to logic, and logic is a screening, modification and sublimation to their doctrine. The unity of opposites between the dialecticians＇ and sophists＇ theory and logic provides a driving force for development to logic. There are important philosophical and cultural significance to analyze the contradiction between the dialecticians＇ and sophists ＇theory and logic to reveal the mechanisms and laws of logical development.