构建我国第三代农机的创新体系

农业机械化和农业装备智能化是提高农业生产效率、转变农业发展方式、提高农村生产力的重要基础。70年来我国的农机工业从新中国成立时候的"一穷二白"发展到如今全球规模第一,取得了举世瞩目的成就。但是,我国的农机工业与世界农机强国相比依然存在着巨大的技术差距,"大而不强"成为现阶段的主要特征。如何实现农机工业"由大变强"的突破,根本路径是要建立适合中国农业生产作业方式的农机创新体系。文章以拖拉机作为农机行业的典型代表,回顾了我国农机工业体系的发展历程,并结合技术发展和土地制度的变革,对新中国的农机工业体系进行断代划分;着重阐述了未来第三代农机的创新体系建设目标和内容;探讨新的技术创新体系在黄河三角洲的应用与实践,介绍如何构建第三代农机的应用体系。最后,对全面构建自主可控的第三代农机创新体系提出规划建议。

Build Innovation System of Third Generation of Agricultural Machinery in China

Agricultural mechanization and intelligent agricultural machinery equipment are important basis for improving agricultural production efficiency and rural productivity, and changing the mode of agricultural development. In the past 70 years, China''s agricultural machinery industry has made remarkable achievements. It has become the largest agricultural machinery country in the world, though the backwardness before liberation. Nevertheless, there is still a huge technical gap between China and established powers in the field of agricultural machinery. "Big but not strong" has become the main feature at this stage. To realize the breakthrough "from big to strong" in agricultural machinery industry, the fundamental path is to establish an agricultural machinery innovation system suitable for China''s agricultural production operation mode. This study takes tractor as a typical representative of agricultural machinery industry, and reviews the development process of agricultural machinery industry system in China. Then we divide the agricultural machinery industry system of new China into different generations according to the technological development and the reform of land system. The aim and content of the new generation (third generation) agricultural machinery innovation system are described emphatically. We also discuss the application of new technology innovation system in the Yellow River Delta, and introduce how to build the application system of the third-generation agricultural machinery. Finally, some suggestions are given for the construction of the independent and controllable third generation agricultural machinery innovation system of China.