方法论哲学与实践思维

哲学形态学是近年来学界讨论的一个热点问题。古代哲学主要是本体论形态,与此相适应确立的主要是单纯客体性思维。近代哲学主要是认识论形态,与此相适应形成的主要是单纯主体性思维。当代哲学之所以以方法论为主要形态,这是由当代人们的实践方式及哲学发展的内在逻辑决定的。随着人类实践的拓展,学科分化的加剧,现实生活给哲学提出的迫切问题是探讨为人的实践活动所分化了的主体怎样才能正确地把握客体,在新的基础上达到主客体的统一。哲学的方法论功能,集中表现在它主要是为人们提供思维方式的科学。马克思主义哲学对人类思维做出的重大贡献就是为人们提供了一种从实践观点出发的、具有崭新特质的思维方式———“实践思维”,它既突破了以往思维方式的局限性,又吸收了单纯客体性思维、单纯主体性思维的合理性,使人类思维达到了前所未有的水平。

Methodology Philosophy and Practical Thought

Philosophy Morphology has been a hot issue under discussion in recent years.The ancient philosophy was ontological;the modern philosophy is epistemological.With the expansion of human practice and specilization of courses,the critical question confronting philosophy is to explore how the specilized subject grasps the object and achieves the unity of subject and object on the new basis.The greatest contribution of Marxist philosophy is that it provides a practice-based,brand-new thoughtway,i.e.practical thought.It has not only broken through the limitation of past thinking,but also absorbed the rationality of ontological and epistemological thinking,pushing human thought to an unprecedented level.