众说纷纭的文学真实性——中西文学管窥

在中国,一直把概括化、典型化的真实作为艺术的追求,而把自然主义的真实看成是对现实主义的歪曲。但在欧美文学界却与此相反,尤其是20世纪的美国文学,小说中最为突出的景象就是"自然主义的持续"和纯自然的真实性。而到了昆德拉那里,他一方面追求卡夫卡"在世界变成的陷阱中对人类生活的勘探",以期笔下的人物有更真实的"现在境况",另一方面,他把"虚构"与"真实"相联系,崇尚一种只能凭悟性才能把握的"形而上的真实"。杜拉、韩东也有类似的见解,即把真事写假,假的部分却是文学的意义所在。

Various Opinions on the Reality of Literature --Restricted View of Chinese and Western Literatures

It is believed in our country for a long time that realistic artists are not slave-like photographers and "naturalists"; So in our country the generalized and typified reality has always been the pursuit of art while the reality of naturalism is regarded as the distortion of realism. But things are quite the opposite in European and American Literature Circle, especially in the 20th century American Literature. The most prominent pictures in novels are the "continuity of naturalism"and the reality of pure nature. Milan Kundera pursues Franz Kafaka's "the exploration of human life in the pitfall changed from the world" to expect the characters under his pen to have more realistic "present condition"; On the other hand, he connects"fabrication" with "reality" and upholds a "metaphysical reality" seized only by the power of understanding. As to this, a French writer and a Chinese writer have similar opinion, which is to write real things into false ones, while the false part is where the sense of literature lies.