楚简帛助动词的否定句式

楚简帛有“可”、“可以”、“能”等助动词，共计15个，除“愿”、“当”、“宜”、“可得”外，其它助动词皆有各种否定句式出现。但“愿”、“当”、“宜”、“可得”的否定句式在其他先秦文献中可见，句式种类也趋近成熟。根据否定词出现的位置，楚简帛助动词的否定句式可分为前附否定、后附否定和双重否定三类，它与肯定句在语法结构、意义和使用频率上都呈现出明显的不对称性。此外，否定句的否定语义不限于助动词，在句子层面上亦构成否定，具有跨层级性。

The Negative Sentence Using Auxiliary Verbs in Chu Bamboosilk

There are 15 auxiliary verbs in Chu Bamboosilk,such as ＂Ke＂（ 可）,＂Ke Yi＂（ 可以）,＂Neng＂（ 能） and so on. All these auxiliary verbs have appeared in negative sentences except for＂Yuan＂（ 愿）,＂Dang＂（ 当）,＂Yi＂（ 宜） and＂Ke De＂（ 可得）. But the use of these four auxiliary verbs in negative sentences can be found in other pre-qin literature. Based on the position of the negative word occurrence,the negative sentences using auxiliary verbs can be divided into three categories： preposed,postposed and double negatives. Negative and positive sentences present obvious asymmetry in syntax structure,meaning and application frequency. In addition,negative meaning can be achieved not only by using auxiliary verb but also on sentence level,so that the negative semantics bears a hierarchy.