论19世纪东欧犹太启蒙运动的失败及其影响

18世纪中期到19世纪末,欧洲出现了犹太启蒙运动。从18世纪中期到19世纪初,这场运动的中心在德国。19世纪中期后,运动的中心从德国转向东欧,尤其是俄罗斯。东欧的犹太启蒙运动基本上照搬了德国模式,德国模式不仅本身存在着弊端,而且移植到东欧后,在东欧产生了“排异”,最终走向了衰微。东欧犹太启蒙运动是犹太人“融入”欧洲社会的最后一首挽歌,它的幻灭使更多的犹太人走向了犹太复国之路。

On the Failure of Jewish Haskalah and Its Influence in Nineteenth- century Eastern Europe

Europe witnessed a Haskalah during the period from mid 18th century to late 19th century.Form mid 18th century to early 19th century,the center of Haskalah was in Germany,and then turn to Eastern Europe,particularly to Russia in mid 19th century.The German Model of Haskalah was transplanted in Eastern Europe and failed.It is not only because the German Model itself had some disadvantages,but also it was repelled by a alien culture in Eastern Europe.The Haskalah of Eastern Europe was the last dirge for Jewish people to melt into European society.The disillusion of it made more and more Jewish people turn to Zionism.