美国社区学院学前教师职前培养模式:背景、现状及策略

美国社区学院在普及高等教育方面发挥着重要作用,社区学院作为学前教师职业培养的主要机构之一,包含特定岗位学前教育工作者、应用类副学士学位学前教师、转学类副学士学位学前教师三种主要的职前培养类型。此外还有学士学位、学士后/选择性教师证书制与专业发展等其他职前培养类型。现阶段,社区学院在学前教师职前培养过程中面临着接受教育不稳定、课程设置存在差异、转学困难等挑战。基于此,美国各州开始重视提升社区学院应用型副学士学位课程的质量,如增加授课的灵活性、采用新的教学模式、丰富课程设置形式;并增加社区学院转学类副学士学位课程的设置,如使用“递进式”证书体系、加强转学制度的清晰度、采用“先前学习学分”制度等。我国在学前教师职前培养方面可以采取优化学前教师职前培养模式、推动中等师范学校转型发展和完善现有专升本制度等手段。

Pre-service Training Model for Pre-school Teachers in American Community Colleges: Background,Current Situation and Strategies

Community colleges in the United States play an important role in popularizing higher education. As one of the main institutions of pre-school teacher vocational training, community colleges include three main types of pre-service training: Certificates Focused on Preparing Professionals for Specific Roles, Terminal Associate Degrees, and Associate Degrees that Transfer. There are also other types of pre-service training such as Bachelor's Degree, Post-Baccalaureate/Alternative Teacher Certification and Professional Development. At present, community colleges are faced with challenges such as unstable education, differences in curriculum setting and difficulty in transferring preschool teachers in the pre-service training process. Based on this, American states begin to attach importance to improving the quality of applied associate degree programs in community colleges, such as increasing the flexibility of teaching, adopting new teaching modes, and enriching the curriculum settings. What's more, American states begin to increase the setting of associate degree courses in community colleges, such as using "Stackable Credentials", strengthening the clarity of transfer system, and adopting "Credit for prior learning" system. This suggests that China can improve the pre-service training mode of preschool teachers, promote the transformation and development of secondary normal schools and strengthen the students upgrading system from junior college to university.