刻意训练视角下的教师教学能力培养

刻意训练是解释专长发展的一种理论,它反驳了遗传决定论,认为通过合理组织和艰苦训练,每个人都能在专业领域内获得杰出的能力。刻意训练的主要特征是:以能力提升为强化物、对能力提升的高效性、训练的高度结构化、进行训练需要付出极大努力。综合已有研究,可以看出教师的刻意训练具有三方面特征:目标的针对性、形式的多样性、效果的迟滞性。在刻意训练的视角下,教师培养应优化培训项目、加强校本研究、关注教学反馈、鼓励自主学习。

Development of Teaching Ability from the Perspective of Deliberate Practice

Deliberate practice is a theory that explains the development of expertise. In the view of deliberate practice, everyone can gain extraordinary performance through a deliberate designed training. The main characters of deliberate practice are its tacit reinforcer, high effectiveness, intact structure, and requisition of efforts. Based on the existing researches, the deliberate practice in teaching ability has its special characters, namely: pertinence, diversity, and retardance. The teacher training should emphasize on the improvement of training project, conduction of school-based research, focus on the feedback of teaching, and encouragement self-directed learning.