地区经济发展水平差异、教育不平等与政府干预——基于清代康熙年间分省取士制度的量化历史分析

本文以清代康熙年间会试录取制度改革为自然试验,通过混合OLS法,对地区经济发展水平差异、教育不平等与政府干预间的关系进行了实证检验。研究发现:经济发展水平差异是导致教育不平等的主要因素,而分省取士政策显著降低了经济发展水平对进士录取的边际影响。本文利用清代巍科数据,通过混合OLS法还发现,分省取士对于以巍科为代表的高级人才录取影响甚微,地区经济发展水平高低才是关键。本研究表明:政府注重区域公平录取政策虽有利于促进教育平等,但缩小地区经济发展水平差异,才是解决教育不平等问题的长久之计。

Regional Difference of Economic Development,Educational Inequality and Government Intervention

This paper takes the reform of the system of examination in Kangxi Period of Qing Dynasty as a natural experiment. By the method of pooled OLS, this paper makes an empirical test on the relationship between regional economic development difference, education inequality and government intervention. The study finds that the difference of economic development is the main factor leading to education inequality, and the policy significantly reduces the marginal impact of economic development on the recruitment of Jinshi. Based on the data of Weike and the pooled OLS, this paper finds that the system has little impact on the recruitment of senior talents represented by Weike and the regional economic development is the key. This study shows that the policy of fair regional admission is conducive to promoting education equality, but narrowing the gap in regional economic development level is the long-term solution to the problem of inequality in education.