论中世纪晚期西方大学和学者社群的社会特权

早在西方大学产生之初,大学及其学者社群就通过身份依附策略、刚性斗争策略、柔性独立策略以及合作共生策略,赢得了充分民事权、独立司法权、税役豁免权以及学术自由权。广泛的社会特权使新兴大学和学者社群实现了对知识操作和学术生活的垄断、赢得了社会的尊重和重视、切实构建了现代大学的学术自由传统,但也诱使大学和学者社群出现了贵族化倾向、滋生了学术腐败。因此必须理性审视大学和学者社群的社会特权。

On the Societal Prerogatives of the Western Universities and Academic Communities in the Later Period of Middle Ages

In its nonage,the Western universities and academic community of Middle Ages skillfully adopted strategies such as status adhering,tough struggles,stealthily self-help,and cooperation for intergrowth,successfully won many societal prerogatives such as sufficient civil rights,independent jurisdiction,immunity from taxation and duty,and academic freedom,which not only helped the rising universities and academic community to monopolize the knowledge manipulation and academic life,acquire societal respect,and well and truly establish the tradition of academic freedom,but also prevailed on the tendency of aristocrat in universities and academic community,and caused academic corruption.So we must rationally remark the societal prerogatives of academic life.