《罗浮待鹤山人诗草》中的变法自强思想

郑观应的《罗浮待鹤山人诗草》洋溢着变法自强思想，他用诗歌凸显“古今之变局”论和“春秋战国”说的历史观和时局观，作为亟言“变法宜决断”的依据，他在吟咏中所表达的变法自强思想，始终把“改科举”、“设学校”、“育人才”放在首位，在主张“练兵将”、“制军器”的同时，强调“决胜于商战”。其又一特色是明确主张进行以改官制为中心的政治改革，并有抨击“专制”、向往“民权”的吟咏。“此际朝廷求变法，可如俄日合经营”，郑的这种心声与维新派同调，但他缺少实践维新的献身精神和主体意识，故只是维新论者，还不是维新派。

Zheng Guanying'' s Reformative and Self- Strengthening Thought in His Collection of Poems

In his collection of poems, entided Luofu Daiheshanren Shicao, Zheng Guanying ex- pressed his claims to uphold reform and self - strengthening. He put forward his conception of history and conception of current situation concerning change, based on which he insisted that reform should be carried out immediately. He constantly suggested that the first of all be to reform the conventional national examination system, set up schools, and bring up qualified talents. In the meanwhile he advocated training troops and manufacturing military weapons. Also, he emphasized that the triumph of commercial trade depended on market competition. Another special feature of his thought was that he regarded the improvement of bureaucracy as the core of political reforms. With his poems he attacked autocracy and longed for civil rights. And in his poems he claimed that China might be cooperative with Russia and Japan in reforms. Zheng' s tone was quite similar to those reformists', but he was only a thinker of reform other than a reformist, for he wanted a devoted spirit and subjective consciousness in practicing reform.