试论教育适应学生

在教育与学生的关系上，历史上曾经出现了学生服从教育、学生适应教育、教育服从学生三种关系。但在制度化教育中，延续至今的主要是学生适应教育。我国教育改革中提出教育适应学生，就是对这种关系的调整，这是对当代社会知识观变革、社会需要变革、人们对人的发展认识变革的反映。所谓教育适应学生，是就教育的个体发展职能而言的，主要是指教育活动适应每一个学生发展的多种需要和多种可能性，有针对性地引导和促进其有效的发展。其实质是打破以往教育的统一性特征和模式化，实现教育本身的多样化和创新化。当前在教育适应学生上既应在思想观念上要有明确认识，更要改革教育评价制度，更新教师素质，加强教育与学生生活世界的结合。

ON THE ADAPTATION OF EDUCATION TO STUDENTS

As far as the relationship between education and students is concerned, there have existed three types of relationship in history: students being subject to education, students adapting to education and education being subject to students. Yet in the institutionalized education, the situation in which students adapt to education has lasted up till today. The current education reform in China proposes that education adapt to students, which is an adjustment of the old relationship. The adjustment is a reflection of the change in people's outlook about knowledge and in people's realization about man's development, and it also reflects that society is in need of transformation. The so-called education adapting to students refers to the individual development function of education, namely, educational activity should adapt to the multi-need and potential possibilities of a student's development and provide proper guidance for the students so that they develop effectively. The essence of such an adjustment is to break the unification and stereotype of the past education and to realize the diversity and creativity of education. At present, we should have a clear understanding of the adjustment. Moreover, the evaluation system should be reformed, the quality of the teachers be improved, and the integration of education and students' life be enhanced.