卡佛短篇小说中的黑色幽默

雷蒙德·卡佛在短篇小说上的造诣令他不但成为新现实主义时期美国小说的核心人物，更令他成为在美国文学价值的重要符号。这些短篇小说引起了大量文学批评的关注，而本文将通过分析《小心》和《阿拉斯加有什么？》两篇作品去尝试发掘当中的黑色幽默。黑色幽默从喜剧的角度看待令人不愉快的事实，从而冲淡悲观主义。卡佛笔下的角色和他们的经历无疑为黑色幽默的生活态度提供了注解。

Black Humor in Raymond Carver's Short Stories

Raymond Carver＇s short stories, which represent the best written and most beloved ones in the writings of our time, have boost his reputation from that of a central figure of neo-realism in American fiction to an international icon of American literary values. The popularity of his short stories inevitably draws a lot of critical attention. The essay would focus on the black humor in his short stories. Two stories would be selected, namely, ＂Careful＂ and ＂What＇s in Alaska？＂ With the introductionof black humor, which seeks a comic perspective on tragic facts, pessimism is diluted. The characters and the experiences of them in Carver＇s short stories somehow provide footnote for this black humor attitude.