论穆勒的幸福观

作为功利主义伦理思想的代表人物,穆勒的道德学说影响深广,尤其是他将有质和量的差别的“最大多数人的最大幸福原则”作为道德原则,为功利主义画上浓墨重彩的一笔.伦理的设计目标和最终标准果然是最大多数人的最大幸福吗？从对幸福的界定、快乐的质和量的关系、美德与幸福的关系、道德判断的标准以及道德的工具价值和内在价值的角度对穆勒的道德观进行批判性的考察和分析,从而对于“什么是幸福”这个永恒的问题作出自己的判断.

On Mill's Philosophy of Welfare

As a leading philosopher in the utilitarianist ethics,Mill's main thoughts on ethics has a profound influence,particularly when he refers to "the greatest welfare for the majority of the people" with qualitative and quantitative differentiation as a principle for ethics,which adds much weight to utilitarianism.However,can "the welfare of the majority" be targeted as the goal and ultimate standard of ethics? The paper attempts to give a critical analysis of Mill's ethics from the prospective of: definition of welfare,quality and quantity in happiness,virtue and welfare,standards of moral judgments and the instrumental and intrinsic values of morality,and finally gives a tentative answer to the permanent question of "the real meaning of happiness".