我国城乡养老机构运营效率的省际差异时空分析

以2010—2016年我国大陆28个省份城乡养老机构为研究对象,利用三阶段DEA模型,采用多种空间权重矩阵和空间面板数据模型相结合的方法,系统分析我国城乡养老机构运营效率的影响因素和空间交互效应。研究显示,农村养老机构运营的综合技术效率和纯技术效率都远低于城市,地区差异较显著,各省份城乡养老机构运营效率均存在显著的收敛性,农村纯技术效率的收敛速度明显低于城市;职工职业资格水平、职工年龄分布、资金投入的偏向性、入住老人类型是影响当地和临近省份城乡养老机构运营效率的关键因素,当地经济发展水平影响城乡养老机构运营效率空间交互效应的发挥,存在门槛效应。

The Time-space Analysis of Interprovincial Differences on the Operational Efficiency of Pension Institutions in Urban and Rural China

Taking the urban and rural pension service institutions in 28 provinces of China's Mainland from 2010 to 2016 as the research object, this paper uses the three-stage DEA model, adopts the method of combining multiple spatial weight matrices and spatial panel data models, and systematically analyzes the influence factors and spatial interaction effects of the operation efficiency of urban and rural pension institutions in China. The study displays that the comprehensive technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency of rural pension institutions are far lower than that of cities and regional differences are significant. There is a significant convergence in the operational efficiency of pension institutions of urban and rural areas in various provinces. The convergence rate of rural pure technical efficiency is significantly lower than that of cities. The occupational qualification level of employees, the distribution of employees’age, the bias of capital investment and the type of elderly are the key factors that affect the operational efficiency of urban and rural pension institutions in local and neighboring provinces. The local economic development level influences the interaction effect of the operational efficiency of the urban and rural pension institutions,which has a threshold effect on it.