人性化教育还是克隆人养殖——《别让我走》中海尔森教育体制失败原因解析

石黑一雄小说《别让我走》中的克隆人培育机构海尔森是叙述者的回忆焦点,也是评论者分析的热点。小说中机构负责人解释了海尔森的关闭原因——受到大众关注与反对,但这并非其失败的根本原因。本文认为海尔森披着"人性化"的外衣,却以"非人道"的方式对待学生;将学生的灵魂与肉体二元对立,使其思维意识的发展囿于待宰割的身体,冷漠地在学生中造成对不存在的未来无望的期待和困惑。文章揭示出"人性化"的教育目的和"非人道"的操控手段之间、培养克隆人的灵魂与提供器官移植的供体之间的悖论性,才是其失败的真正原因。

Humanizing Education or Clone Farming-Failure of Haisham Education Mechanism in Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go

Haisham,a human clone-raising institute,in Kazuo Ishiguro's novel Never Let Me Go permeates through Kathy the narrator's nostalgic memories.It has aroused debates among researchers mainly about why clones don't escape.The reason why Haisham closed given by the school head-the exposure of human clone-raising-is generally accepted as the explanation about its failure.This paper,however,discovers the unsolvable contradictions:its humanizing education goals cannot be achieved by its alienation of the students;its soul shaping program is trapped in the clones'physical function-organ transplant.The full preparation through Haisham education,naturally leading to a future,attracts much emotional investment from the clones,which results in deep confusion and misery.Therefore,the paradoxes-humanizing education and inhuman manipulation,soul shaping and clone farming-are the real reason for its failure.