留日学生反对"二十一条"斗争述论

1915年初，日本向袁世凯政府提出旨在灭亡中国的“二十一条”。时在日本的中国留学生3000多人群起反对，并以集体罢学归国的形式表示抗议。他们归国后，通过向中央政府上书、请愿，筹划、组织召开国民大会，以及发起“劝用国货、抵制日货”运动等方式，揭露日本企图吞并中国之野心，力阻政府与日签订密约，鼓励国民坚持斗争到底。在留日学生的鼓动和组织下，反对“二十一条”斗争以上海为中心，迅速波及到全国各地。这是中国留日学生第一次因中日政治事件而大规模集体罢学归国，尽管运动最终失败，但它沉重地打击了日本帝国主义的侵略野心，有力地推动了国内人民反对“二十一条”斗争的开展。

On the Fighting Against the Twenty-one Demants by the Chinese Students Studying in Japan

At the beginning of 1915,Japan brought forward "The 21 Demands" intending to perish China to the Yuan-Shikai Authorities.When this information was revealed to the public,more than 3,000 Chinese students abroad in Japan opposed Japan 's attempt and planned to go back to China.They submitted statements to the central government,petitioned,prepared organizing a National Assembly,and launched the movement of "To Prefer Chinese commodities to Japanese ones",in an attempt to expose the ambitions of Japan for annexation of China,and to block toughly the Authorities to sign a secret agreement with Japan to encourage Chinese citizens to fight to the end.Under the promotion and organization by the students abroad,the struggle against "The 21 Demands" based in Shanghai quickly spread throughout China.It was the first time that Chinese students studying in Japan halted their lessons and turned back home massively due to the political incident between China and Japan.Although the movement failed in the end by reason of the Yuan Shi-kai's deceit,its effect was so incontestable that the ambition of Japanese government to aggress China was suffocated and the struggle against "The 21 Demands" home was promoted deeply.