Identification of differential item functioning by race and ethnicity in the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States;2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States;1. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States;2. Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States;3. Ford Foundation Fellowship, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC, United States;4. Department of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina;1. School of Social Work, Boston University, 264 Bay State Road, Boston, MA, 02215, United States;2. Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Study and Human Development, Tufts University, 105 College Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, United States;1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, China;2. Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Science and Technology, China;3. Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, China;4. Department of Psychiatry, Shandong University School of Medicine, China;5. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, United States;1. Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan;2. Division of Consulting, IdeaLab Inc., Tokyo, Japan;3. Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan;4. Laboratory for Imagination and Executive Functions, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan;1. Translational Neurogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital 4029, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;2. Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;3. School of Psychology and Counselling, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland, 4001, Australia;4. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;5. Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;1. South African Research Chairs Initiative (SARChI), PTSD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa;2. Centre for Statistical Consultation, Department of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundThe accurate assessment of childhood maltreatment (CM) is important in medical and mental health settings given its association to adverse psychological and physical outcomes. Reliable and valid assessment of CM is also of critical importance to research. Due to the potential of measurement bias when comparing CM across racial and ethnic groups, invariant measurement is an important psychometric property of such screening tools.ObjectiveIn this study, differential item function (DIF) by race and ethnicity was tested. Uniform DIF refers to the influence of bias on scores across all levels of childhood maltreatment, and non-uniform DIF refers to bias in favor of one group.MethodParticipants were N=1,319 women and men (Mage=36.77, SDage=10.37) who completed the Child Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form; 42.7% were women, 57.3% were male; 58.9% were White-American, 22.1% Black-American, and 8.0% as other; 26.3% were Hispanic.ResultsUsing empirical thresholds, non-uniform DIF was identified in five items by race, and no items by ethnicity.ConclusionsUniform DIF is less problematic given that mathematical corrections can be made to adjust scores for DIF. However, non-uniform DIF can usually only be corrected by removing the DIF items from the scale. Further methodological research is needed to minimize measurement bias to effectively assess racially diverse populations. |
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| Keywords: | Differential item functioning Childhood maltreatment Race Ethnicity Measurement |
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