Attention biases and social-emotional development in preschool-aged children who have been exposed to domestic violence |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Biobehavioral Nursing & Health Informatics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA;2. Department of Family & Child Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA;3. Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA;4. Department of Psychosocial & Community Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA;1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States;2. Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States;3. Posthumously, University of Illinois – Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States;4. Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States;1. Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China;2. The Diagnosis of Chinese Medicine of the Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China;3. Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Shenzhen, China;4. School of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China;1. Department of Psychology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany;2. Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68161 Mannheim, Germany;3. Otto-Selz-Institut, University of Mannheim, 68161 Mannheim, Germany;1. Central Department of Psychology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal;2. Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, UP, India;3. Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King''s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK;4. Division of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK;5. Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK;6. Youth Resilience Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK;1. Lusófona University of Porto, Portugal;2. Michigan State University, United States |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundSchool-aged children and adolescents exposed to domestic violence (DV) disproportionality attend to threatening and sad cues in their environment. This bias in attention has been found to predict elevations in symptoms of psychopathology. Studies have yet to explore attention biases using eyetracking technology in preschool-aged children with DV exposure.ObjectiveThis study investigated whether preschool-aged children exposed to DV show vigilance to angry and sad faces versus happy faces and a target non-face stimulus relative to non-exposed children, and whether such vigilance relates to child social-emotional development.Participants and settingPreschool-aged children were recruited from a large, diverse, urban community. DV-exposed children were recruited from a dyadic, mother-child treatment group specifically designed for, and restricted to, mothers who have experienced domestic violence (DV-exposed group, n = 23). Children with no prior exposure to DV and their mothers were recruited within the same community (non-exposed group, n = 32).MethodsChildren completed an eye-tracking task to assess their attention to face stimuli and mothers rated their children's social-emotional development. Total duration of fixations were analyzed.ResultsResults showed that DV-exposed children have a significantly stronger attention bias away from sad faces (p = 0.03; d = 0.62) and neutral faces (p = 0.02; d = 0.70) relative to non-exposed children, and this attention bias away from sad and neutral faces is associated with child social-emotional problems. Contrary to our hypothesis, no bias towards anger was found for DV-exposed versus non-exposed children.ConclusionsThis study contributes to growing evidence that young children's negative attention biases influence functioning and have important implications for children's well-being and development. |
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| Keywords: | Child maltreatment Domestic violence Attention bias Socialemotional |
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