The final frontier of anti-doping: A study of athletes who have committed doping violations |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Tourism, Sport and Hotel Management, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;2. Centre for Applied Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;3. Institute for Sport Business, Loughborough University, London, UK;1. Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Science, School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland;2. Unity Recovery Centre, 30 Manningham Lane, Bradford BD1 3DN, UK;1. Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece;2. Department of Psychology, Sociology & Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, UK;1. Department of Environmental and Business Economics, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark;2. Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark;1. School of Business, UNSW-Canberra, Australia;2. Institute for Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Australia;3. Barwon Health, Australia;4. Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Metropolitan University, Australia;1. Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy;2. Sports Medicine Center “Città di Cuneo”, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Although the use of banned drugs in sport is not a new phenomenon, little is known about the experiences and perceptions of athletes who have committed anti-doping rule violations. This study qualitatively explored the experiences of 18 athletes (from the sports of bodybuilding, powerlifting, cricket, sprint kayak, rugby league, and swimming) who had committed anti-doping violations. Themes explored included motivations for initiating and maintaining doping, the psychology of doping, deterrents to doping, and views on current anti-doping policy. In most cases doping had started early in their careers. The perceived culture of the sport was considered central to the ‘normalization’ of doping, particularly in bodybuilding. When explaining their decision to dope, athletes engaged in processes or moral disengagement (including advantageous comparison, minimizing consequences and diffusion of responsibility). Ironically, moral arguments were perceived as the most effective deterrents to doping. Findings are discussed in relation to the difficulties in establishing credible deterrents and suggestions for the future development of anti-doping policy. |
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| Keywords: | Doping Drugs in sport Moral disengagement Deterrence Policy |
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