整合与衔接:基于帕金斯法案重新授权的美国生涯与技术教育改革

在美国政府应对技能危机的时代背景下,2018年7月,美国出台了《加强21世纪生涯与技术教育法案》(简称《帕金斯法案Ⅴ》),这是美国联邦政府过去12年来首次对生涯与技术教育进行系统性立法改革.此次改革以统筹协调、多方合作以及有效评估为原则,继续贯彻在整合中实现衔接.通过分析帕金斯法案的重新授权,围绕改革的重点,总结蕴含在其中的"整合与衔接"理念,并归纳了美国生涯与技术教育的三大改革动向,即学术和技能标准不断提升,管理更加开放透明,融合属性愈加彰显.我国职业教育在立法和改革中:应促进立法理念更新,加快完善立法机制;发展应注重以质量为导向,建立质量保障机制;需完善现代职业教育体系,搭建融合衔接通道,才能从宏观目标设定上和微观落实工作中培养学生的终身学习能力.

Integration and Articulation:American Career and Technical Education Reform Reauthorized by the Perkins Act

July 2018,the United States promulgated the Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act(referred to as the Perkins ActⅤ),the first systematic legislative reform of career and technical education by the US federal government in the past 12 years.The reform is based on the principles of overall coordination,multi-layer cooperation and effective evaluation,and continues to implement the articulation in integration.By analyzing the Perkins Act's reauthorization,this paper summarizes the concept of"integration and articulation"and the three major reform trends of American career and technical education,namely,the continuous improvement of academic and technical standards.The management is more open and transparent,and the integration attributes are more prominent.It is necessary to update the legislative concept,improve the legislative mechanism,establish a quality-oriented mechanism,improve the modern vocational education system and build integration channels to achieve the macro-goal setting and micro-implementation of the work to train students'lifelong learning ability.