非常时期的民间救济——以“庚子之变”后上海绅商义赈为例的探讨

“庚子之变”后，八国联军、散兵游勇以及土匪强盗在京津及其附近地区烧杀抢掠，导致难民大增，而清政府无力对灾民进行大力救济。以上海绅商为主组成的救济善会、济急善会等民间慈善组织，发动东南各省民间力量，大力组织义赈，有力弥补了官方在非常时期社会救济的暂时缺失，表明中国民间慈善事业在这一时期获得了新的发展，在非常时期民间与政府之间的关系出现了新的变化。

The Non-governmental Philanthropic Relief during the Time of Emergency--A Case Study of Shanghai's Gentry and Businessmen's Philanthropic Relief after" the Gengzi Event" of 1900

After the Gengzi Event of 1900 the eight-power allied army,local disbanded soldiers,gangsters and robbers pillaged and even killed people around the area of Tianjing and Beijing.The refugees' number increased rapidly,but the government of the late Qing Dynasty was unable to relieve them effectively.Shanghai's gentry and merchants formed philanthropic organizations to mobilize non-governmental strengths in provinces of southeast China to organize fund-raising activities,thus strongly making up for official temporary disabilities of social relief in the time of emergency,which not only indicated a new development of China's folk charities but also signified a new change of the relationship between governmental and non-governmental.