国家治理现代化背景下美国职业体育的制度治理及启示

在推进国家治理体系与治理能力现代化的新时代背景下，从制度视角对美国职业体育治理体系进行了剖析。研究认为美国注重运用制度手段对职业体育进行规制，具有健全的职业体育体制机制和不断完善的法规制度，形成了一套系统的制度治理体系。美国职业体育的体制机制治理层包括联盟体制主导的分权治理、横向一体化的多元协同治理、合作性均衡的网络化治理、互利共生的扁平化治理和高度自治的内生式公司治理；法规制度治理层包括劳工制度的协调性治理、联赛制度的均衡性治理、联邦法律的保障性治理和特殊制度的补偿性治理。提出完善我国职业体育体制机制，推动政府支持、协会主导、市场自主的扁平化协同治理；协调职业体育多元主体的关系，实施横向一体化的网络化联动治理；健全职业体育法规制度，推进监管、评估、仲裁、保障等体系化法治治理。

Institutional Governance and Enlightenment of Professional Sports in the U.S. under Background of National Governance Modernization

Under the background of modernization of national governing system and governing ability,this paper analyzed the governing system of professional sports in the U.S. It was concluded that the United States paid attention to the regulation of professional sports by means of system,had a sound mechanism of professional sports system,a perfect system of laws and regulations,and formed a systematic system of governance. The governance layer of system and mechanism included the decentralized governance dominated by alliance system,the multi-coordinated governance of horizontal integration,the networked governance of cooperative balance,the flat governance of mutual benefit and symbiosis and the endogenous corporate governance of high degree of autonomy. The governing layer of legal system included the coordinated governance of labor system,the balanced governance of league system,the guaranteed governance of federal law and the compensatory governance of special system. The study put forward that in order to perfect the system mechanism of professional sports in China,to promote the flat coordinated governance with government support,association leading and market autonomy,to coordinate the relations of multiple subjects of professional sports,and to implement the horizontal integration of networked interactive governance,laws and regulations for professional sports,systematic rule of law in areas such as supervision,evaluation,arbitration and security should be promoted.