运动专长的记忆痕迹：基于注意竞争优势的脑机制研究

探讨记忆痕迹在专家运动员注意竞争优势中的作用及其脑机制。采用注意竞争范式，根据36名实验被试（专家组和新手组各18名）在注意运动场景（专长相关与非专长相关）和负性情绪面孔的重叠图片时的脑电信号，分析运动专长的注意竞争优势及其神经机制。研究结果表明，运动专家对其专长相关信息存在着显著的注意优势再次得到了验证；运动专家对其专长相关信息的注意优势是由于记忆痕迹被激活，促进了对专长相关信息的注意资源分配；运动专长的记忆痕迹激活体现在theta节律的活动特点及大脑楔前叶。

Memory Traces of Sports Expertise: Brain Mechanism Underlying Sports Experts' Attention Superiority

The present study examined the role of memory trace involved in the attention competition between expertise information and distracters. Through recording EEGs when 36 participants(19 experts and 19 novices) attended the overlapped pictures of sports scenes(expertise vs. non-expertise) and negative stimuli, the present study explored the neural mechanism underlying attention competition of sports experts. ERP results showed that picture of expertise-related information(both single and overlapped picture) elicited significantly larger LPPs(the Late Positive Potential) than non-expertise stimuli of experts. Time frequency results showed a significant difference of theta oscillations of attention competition between the expertise-related information and non-expertise information of experts. The sLORETA showed that the experts' precuneus cortex was more active when processing the overlapped pictures of expertise-related information. All these effects were not significant for the novices. The present results demonstrated that experts showed an enhanced attention process related to expertise-related information. This attention superiority of sports experts was driven by reactivation of the memory trace of expertise-related information, which promoted the allocation of attention resources to their expertise-related information.