中国武术舆论危机与困局的化解——基于知识史视角的问题开释与认识纠偏

基于"知识是历史过程的积淀物和未来历史的建构物"的知识史视角，开释武术现实问题，剖析文化误读致因，澄清历史变迁脉络，纠正大众认识偏颇，回应武术技击性存续的争议。研究认为：精英知识与大众知识的文化分野，造成了武术研究者和普通民众的认知差异；学界共识难以在公众领域内推进下移，造成了专业研究和公共认识的话语断裂；知识建构的社会文化变迁，根本性地造成了思想价值观念的冲突隔阂。从知识、文化、认识、思想方面，归结中国武术面临的四个主要问题：（1）立足当下的困境与矛盾，存在武术"是什么"的概念分歧问题；（2）着眼历史的发展与源起，存在武术"有什么"的文化误读问题；（3）着力于发展的方向与重点，存在武术"做什么"的价值旨归问题；（4）落脚于观念澄清与认识纠偏，存在武术"为什么"的哲思缺失问题。提出四点见解：（1）武术概念应建立历史全局观和现代认识论相结合的整体理解，做到深入浅出；（2）武术文化应围绕本质内涵的知识考古进行文化叙事的多维解释，做到具象生动；（3）武术价值应创造转化"救世之患，急人之难"的爱国尚武的传统价值，创新发展新时代中国武术"立德树人，练以成人"的当代教育价值，做到育人传统与时代需求相结合；（4）武术思想应形成转识成智的生活化的哲学反思，力求体现经世致用思想的光芒。

Crisis and Problem Resolving of Public Opinion over Chinese Wushu: Question Based Interpretation and Cognition Correction Based on Perspective of Knowledge History

Based on the perspective of knowledge history that "knowledge meant the accumulation of historical process and the construction of future history", this paper studied the reality of Wushu, analyzing the causes of the cultural misunderstandings, clarifying the context of historical changes, correcting public misunderstandings, and responding to controversies over Wushu. It was held that the cultural separation between elite knowledge and public knowledge caused the understanding difference between the Wushu researchers and the ordinary people. The academic researches were difficult for the general public to understand, resulting in the discourse gaps between the professional research and the public understanding. The social and cultural changes of knowledge construction had fundamentally resulted in the conflicts and estrangement of ideas and values. There were four big problems facing the Chinese Wushu. There were different definitions of what Wushu was, different explanations of what Wushu culture was based on its origin and development, what values Wushu had, and what philosophical essence Wushu had. To solve these problems, an overall understanding of the concepts of Wushu should be establishes with the combination of an overall historical view and modern epistemology. Multi-dimensional interpretation of cultural narration around the knowledge archaeology of Wushu culture should be carried out so as to be concrete and vivid. The traditional values of patriotism and "saving the world and solving people's difficulties" of Wushu should be changed into the contemporary educational value of "building morality, cultivating people" so as to meet with the needs of the times. The Wushu thought should be transformed into a life-oriented philosophical reflection of turning knowledge into wisdom so as to put the unique knowledge of Wushu into practice.