日本一流高校国际化战略的注意力配置--以“顶级全球性大学计划”A类高校为例

为提升日本高校国际竞争力,日本文部科学省在2014年推出了"顶级全球性大学计划",并遴选出A类、B类共37所高校进行资助。研究以冲击世界百强为目标的13所A类高校为对象,基于注意力配置理论,采用文本分析的方法对13所高校提交审核的《改革构想书》中的国际化水平、治理改革、大学教育改革这三大维度的注意力配置情况进行分析。根据分析可知这13所高校在国际化发展中虽然聚焦维度比例各不相同,但大多集中关注国际化水平维度的多样性、语言教学能力、国际开放度,治理改革维度的管理机制,大学教育改革维度的教育质量这5个二级发展目标。高校结合自身特色,在注意力配置的方向、强度上做出不同的选择,规划绘制出一张共性与个性相结合的清晰的国际化发展蓝图,强弱结合保障国际化战略的可持续性发展。

Attention Allocation of Internationalization Strategies of World-class Universities in Japan

In order to enhance the international competitiveness of higher education,Japan Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology(MEXT)launched the Top Global University Project in 2014,in which 37 universities,divided into Type A and Type B,were selected to be financed.This paper takes 13 Type A universities as the object which have the potential to be ranked as world top 100 universities.Based on the attention allocation theory,with the research method of text analysis,this paper analyzed the attention allocation in dimensions of internationalization level,governance reform and education reform,which involves 40 indicators from the"initiatives"provided by these universities.According to the analysis,there are some differences in the proportion and concentration degree of internalization development in the 13 universities,but most of them concentrated on the diverse dimension of internationalization,language teaching ability and degree of openness,management mechanism in governance reform as well as education quality in education reform.Compared with other 35 indicators,the construction of the 5 key indicators shows that they all consider their own characteristics and make different choices in the direction and degree of attention allocation.By drawing a clear international blueprint with the combination of commonality and individuality,they ensure the sustainable development of internationalization.