大规模海上风电场建设的技术支撑体系研究

海上风力发电是今后保障能源消费安全、保持经济增长和保护环境等方面的一个强有力的手段.随着风电技术的进步,以及海上资源丰富、风速相对稳定、开发利益相关方较少、不与其他发展项目争地、可以大规模开发等优势,大规模海上风电场建设已成为风电产业发展的新趋势.但是,海上风电场施工困难、对风电机组质量和可靠性要求较高、对抗击海上台风等灾害性天气要求苛刻,因此要健康、快速、有序地发展海上风电,除了要对海上复杂的风资源和环境条件进行深入研究分析外,强有力的技术支撑更是不可或缺的.大规模海上风电场建设的特征是现有众多技术的集成,其中既包含海上建设项目的共有技术,如海上平台、海上桩基、海上桥梁等成熟技术;又包含海上风电场建设的专有技术,如海上风电场的施工、安装、运输、维护等配套实施的投入和建设等技术难点.本文首先分析大规模海上风电场建设的技术支撑体系内涵和总体框架,然后重点从海上大功率专用风力机、海上风电场施工安装、海上风电登陆传输、海上风电场抗台风等自然灾害以及海上风电大规模应用等方面,深入阐述大规模海上风电场建设的技术支撑体系,可为大规模建设海上风电场提供科学的依据和指导.

A Perspective Study on Technical Support System for Building Large Scale Offshore Wind Farm

Offshore wind power provides a powerful means to ensure the safety of resources consumption, maintain economic growth and to protect the eco-environment. With the advance in wind power technology, as well as the advantages in abundant sea resources, relatively stable wind speed, fewer stakeholders, and not contending with land as other projects, offshore wind power can obtain the opportunity to be increasingly developed at large scales. The building of large scale offshore wind farm is therefore becoming a new trend in wind power industry. However, due to its inherent limitations in difficulty in construction, relatively high requirement for the quality and reliability of wind power units, and relatively high capability to withstand extreme weather on the sea, it would be difficult to explore wind energy on the sea in a rational, rapid and orderly manner without a powerful technical support system and a meticulous investigation on the complexity of wind energy resources and the marine environment. The building of large scale offshore wind farm bears some characteristics of the integration of a verity of existing technologies, not only including mature technologies on sea projects like offshore platform, offshore pile base, and offshore bridge, but also specific technologies on the building of offshore wind farm like construction, installation, transportation, maintenance, and related investment and facility construction. In the present paper, the authors first analyzed the connotation and general framework of technical support system for the building of offshore wind farm in detail, then expounded the evaluation of wind resources on the sea, the location of wind farm, high-power special wind turbine on the sea, installation of offshore wind farm, disembarking and transmission of sea wind, anti-typhoon and other natural disasters as well as large scale application of wind power on the sea. Finally, we illustrated technical support system for the building of offshore wind farm, providing some meaningful guidance for construction of large scale offshore wind farm in the future.