《歌德谈话录》美学思想的两点启示——兼析中学作文教学

《歌德谈话录》是教育部新编《中学语文教学大纲》指定的中学课外文学名著必读书,其中包含歌德许多有价值的文艺美学思想。如关于艺术虚构的问题,歌德认为,在艺术创造的较高境界里,艺术家可以挥洒自如,求助于虚构。再如,歌德主张艺术创作要从具体、个别出发,不能从观念出发,这对我国“文革”时期遵从的“主题先行”的文艺创作主张是一个有力的反驳。把这些美学思想作一梳理,并结合中学语文教学进行研究,对于深化语文教改大有帮助。

Two Aesthetic Inspirations in Quotations from Goethe——an analysis of the teaching of composition in middle schools

Quotations from Goethe is one of the literary masterpieces that middle school students must read outside class as is specified in the new Syllabus of Chinese Instruction in Middle Schools compiled by the Ministry of Education.In the book there are many valuable views by Goethe on literature and art.For example,about artistic fabrication,Goethe's view is that in a higher realm of artistic creation,the artist is entirely free to resort to fabrication.Another example is Goethe maintains that artistic creation should start off from what is concrete and specific but not from what is conceptional.This serves as a refutation to the claim of "The theme goes first" during the "Cultural Revolution".To make an arrangement of those aesthetic ideas and to make a study of them with a view to the teaching of Chinese in middle schools will be of great help in deepening the reform in Chinese teaching.