略论20世纪二三十年代中国大学的学科调整--从大学教育与经济现代化的关系的角度看

20世纪二三十年代,国民政府本着“注重实科、限制文法科”的原则,在大学中进行学科和专业的调整,推动了工程教育及其他类实科的发展,初步扭转了清末新教育产生以来大学文、实科比例严重失调的局面,使学科结构实现了相对平衡。这次调整对大学教育产生重要影响,使之与经济现代化的关系更为密切,突出的表现是:一、注重教育与经济和社会需求的紧密结合,从经济和社会实际需要出发进行办学;二、培养了大批经济和社会发展需要的工商业人才;三、针对经济和社会发展中的重大问题开展科学研究,产生一些重要成果;四、注重科研成果的推广和应用,使之转化为现实生产力。由于历史和阶级条件的限制,这次学科调整不可避免地表现出很大的偏颇。

Curriculum Adjustment of Chinese Universities in 2nd and 3rd Decades of 20th Century: From the perspective of education and economy modernization

In the 20s and 30s of the 20th century, the Republic Government followed the principle of "enhancing natural science subjects but restricting social sciences" and undertook a series of adjustment, which as a preliminary step changed the severely unbalanced situation of the curricula since the end of the Qing Dynasty and promoted the development of technological education and other natural sciences and achieved a relative equilibrium. The adjustment, which has had a great influence upon Chinese higher education, made the latter more closely related to the economy modernization. This is typically embodied in the following respects. First, attention was paid to the tight relationship between education and economic and social requirements, and education operation abided by the practical economic and social demands. Second, a large group of industrial and commercial talents were raised for the demands of economic and social development. Third, scientific researches were carried out for the great issues in economic and social development, which led to some important achievements. Fourth, heed was given to the popularization and application of the scientific results to transform them into practical productivity. Yet as for the limitations of the historic and class conditions, the adjustment inevitably resulted in large aberrations.