论传统教育思想中“德性”与“学问”观念之现代演进--以蔡元培先生之大学教育理念为例

以儒家为主干之传统教育思想具体表现为“尊德性”和“道问学”，前者主要是指“发乎本心”、对性善的发挥与坚守，具体表现便是孝悌之道，由此推广开来便是仁民爱物的实现；后者虽然与向内反省之“尊德性”不同而表现为“格物穷理”，但这只是对本心的穷理、对性善的探究、对诚敬的融会，可谓修养学问的他种途径。对于师德楷模的种种说法只是传统“圣人理想”的现代演化。近现代以来，传统思想遭遇了前所未有之重创与反省，其具体出路在于蔡元培先生所提出的“为学问而学问”的态度，德性要体现于德行中，公私德分明并尊重私德，研究高深学问为大学之根本宗旨，探究学理并引导学生生发对学问之兴趣进而培养学问人格，为首要之师德。

On The Evlotion of Idea of Virtue and Knowledge in China Traditional Education Thought

The traditional education thought of Confucianists reveals the characteristics of virtues and learning. The former refers to goodness which mainly embodies filiality and fraternity and the realization of affection and kindness,while the latter reveals the pursuit of knowledge which refers to the pursuit of heart,the inquiry of goodness,the understanding of sincerity,and the alternative method of learning. All forms of teaching morals are the modern evolution of saints＇thought. Since modern time,traditional thought undergoes the unprecedented casualty and introspection. The concrete way lies in the concept of“learning for the sake of learning”proposed by Cai Yuanpei,and in the fact that morality is embodied in moral actions,that the private moral should be respected and private and public moral should be seperated,and that it is the most important teaching morality to study theory and to cultivate students＇learning personali-ty by arousing their interest in knowledge.