鼎、鬲、釜、镬、锅的演变递嬗考探

鼎、鬲、釜、镬、锅等词皆为汉词中的烹饪炊具，古时读音相近，但并非皆为同源词，而是既有声转相通的同词关系，又有古今词语的更替关系。“锅”原指车缸、而今指烹饪炊具的“锅”原写作“ ”，汉时铁器使用普遍，铁釜和铁镬渐取代铜或陶制的鼎和鬲，晋时“锅”用以借为“ ”，据佛经音义所载，至迟在南北朝时，“锅”已可用来指炊器，唐时“锅”已有取“ ”而代之的趋势。鬲为古代南方言，镬亦为古方言，今方言中闽方言区和赣方言区用“鼎”，粤方言、吴方言、客家方言（广东）用“镬”，西南官自豪感、客家方言和粤方言也用“煲”，北方方言用“锅”，也有些地区“鼎”与“锅”或“镬”与“锅”并用，从方言对炊具的称呼亦可看到鼎、鬲、釜、镬、锅等词古今演变之一斑。

The Evolution of the Cooking Utensil Words

There are some cooking utensil words, such as Vessel, Cauldron, Pot, etc. , whose pronunciations are similar to those in ancient times, but some of them did not come from the same etymology. There are different relations among them. This paper discusses the evolution of these cooking utensil words according to the historical records.